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Genomics approaches to unlock the high yield potential of cassava, a tropical model plant

Shengkui ZHANG,Ping’an MA,Haiyan WANG,Cheng LU,Xin CHEN,Zhiqiang XIA,Meiling ZOU,Xinchen ZHOU,Wenquan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 259-266 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014043

摘要： Cassava, a tropical food, feed and biofuel crop, has great capacity for biomass accumulation and an extraordinary efficiency in water use and mineral nutrition, which makes it highly suitable as a model plant for tropical crops. However, the understanding of the metabolism and genomics of this important crop is limited. The recent breakthroughs in the genomics of cassava, including whole-genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis, as well as advances in the biology of photosynthesis, starch biosynthesis, adaptation to drought and high temperature, and resistance to virus and bacterial diseases, are reviewed here. Many of the new developments have come from comparative analyses between a wild ancestor and existing cultivars. Finally, the current challenges and future potential of cassava as a model plant are discussed.

关键词： cassava genomics yield potential adaptability tropical model

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Highlight yield forming and innovative technologies in tropical crops

Wenquan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 283-284 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016128

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Comments on the special issue on tropical crops of

Luiz J C B CARVALHO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 375-376 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016129

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Theoretical prediction and validation of global horizontal solar irradiance for a tropical climate in

Sivasankari SUNDARAM,Jakka SARAT CHANDRA BABU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 311-321 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0369-3

摘要： This paper aims to propose monthly models responsible for the theoretical evaluation of the global horizontal irradiance of a tropical region in India which is Sivagangai situated in Tamilnadu. The actual measured global horizontal irradiance hails from a 5 MW solar power plant station located at Sivagangai in Tamilnadu. The data were monitored from May 2011 to April 2013. The theoretical assessment was conducted differently by employing a programming platform called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express. A graphical user interface was created using Visual Basic 2010 Express, which provided the evaluation of empirical parameters for model formulation such as daily sunshine duration ( ), maximum possible sunshine hour duration ( ), extra terrestrial horizontal global irradiance ( ) and extra terrestrial direct normal irradiance ( ). The proposed regression models were validated by the significance of statistical indicators such as mean bias error, root mean square error and mean percentage error from the predicted and the actual values for the region considered. Comparison was made between the proposed monthly models and the existing normalized models for global horizontal irradiance evaluation.

关键词： global horizontal irradiance (GHI) mean bias error root mean square error mean percentage error coefficient of regression Visual Basic 2010 Express

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海洋气象观测系统在热带气旋资料同化中的应用

万齐林,何金海

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第10期页码 33-42

摘要：

在分析南海海洋气象观测现状和发展规划的基础上，发现有必要发展合适的资料同化技术，提高资料利用效率，才能克服海洋气象资料相对缺乏来提升数值预报水平。利用多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术，进行热带气旋资料同化试验。结果表明：多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术能够适应具有多尺度特征的热带气旋资料同化，较好地满足热带气旋资料同化对流依赖背景误差协方差同化技术的要求，能够较合理高效地利用海洋气象观测资料。基于多尺度/分块逐批资料同化技术，加强海洋气象观测系统的应用，是形成高质量热带气旋初值环流的一种有效途径。

关键词：海洋气象观测资料利用效率多尺度/分块逐批资料同化热带气旋初值环流

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我国台风监测预报预警体系的现状及建议

端义宏,陈联寿,许映龙,钱传海

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 4-9

摘要：

近年来，在全球气候变暖背景下，全球高影响台风事件频发，灾害影响日趋严重。在我国，以登陆台风为代表的极端天气事件呈明显增多的趋势，登陆台风的平均强度明显增强、强台风数量明显增多，台风登陆时间更加集中、登陆季节明显缩短。分析了我国台风灾害的特征及台风监测、预报预警体系的现状和存在的问题，提出了在我国经济社会快速发展时期加强我国台风监测预报预警体系的对策建议和措施。

关键词：台风监测预报预警业务现状

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热带生物海岸保护与发展研究

张乔民,杨红强,赵美霞,张偲

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 53-58 doi: 10.15302/JSSCAE2019.06.009

摘要：

热带生物海岸是对海岸带生物多样性和资源生产力有特别价值的生物活动高度集中的海岸生态关键区。人类世自然环境的快速变异和海岸带人类活动的持续增强使得海岸带生态安全和可持续发展受到前所未有的挑战。本文详细介绍了生物海岸的研究现状和进展，以及当前所面临的生态风险，提出保护发展生物海岸的政策性建议，包括加强国家战略规划，节能减排，严控开发，保护优先，维持和增强抗全球变化干扰和自然恢复能力；完善监测网络和开展全面调查；加强科学管理和建立远海大型海洋保护区；加强科学研究和人才培养。国家建设海洋强国的战略决策和南海岛礁工程的顺利实施，为我国珊瑚礁研究提供了空前的发展机遇，前景可期。

关键词：生物海岸珊瑚礁红树林生态关键区人类世

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基于亚马逊热带雨林的HY-2卫星微波散射计在轨测量性能分析

彭海龙,穆博,林明森,周武

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第6期页码 33-38

摘要：

中国第一颗自主海洋动力环境卫星海洋二号（HY-2）卫星于2011 年8 月16 日成功发射，其上搭载的Ku波段微波散射计可以提供海面风矢量信息。根据国际上对已发射星载微波散射计在亚马逊热带雨林的研究结果：散射计在该地理区域观测的后向散射系数随季节的变化在0.15 dB以内。本文对HY-2 微波散射计2012—2013 年的亚马逊热带雨林区域的观测数据进行了分析，结果表明HY-2 卫星散射计在轨运行两年来的测量性能很稳定，其在亚马逊热带雨林的季节性变化特征与国际上的研究结果一致。

关键词：亚马逊热带雨林 HY-2 微波散射计在轨测量性能

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面向热带地区植物修复的植物性状研究 Article

Xiangting Cleo Chen, Liling Huang, Tze Hsien Agnes Chang, Bee Lian Ong, Say Leong Ong, Jiangyong Hu

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第5期页码 841-848 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.019

摘要：

水是一种有限而宝贵的资源。新加坡的国家水源有4种补给方式，其中之一是自然降水。雨水径流会收集污染物，并将其富集到排水系统和水库中。在当地雨水径流中发现的主要富营养污染物包括硝酸盐和磷酸盐，这些富营养污染物可能导致富营养化。在有植物存在的情况下，生物滞留系统可以有效去除这些污染物。本文探讨了植物特性对雨水径流中营养性污染物的植物修复作用，并将其应用于生物防护系统中。所研究的植物物种在叶绿素含量、叶片绿色的浓度、生物量的产生以及硝酸盐和磷酸盐去除方面表现出了差异。一般而言，干生物量与硝酸盐和磷酸盐的去除程度相关（r = 0.339~0.501）。本地树种的根、叶和总干生物量显示出与硝酸盐去除程度之间的中等至强相关性（r 分别为0.811、0.657和0.727）。速生植物的叶片干生物量与两种污染物的去除程度也显示出中等至强相关性（r 分别为0.707和0.609）。低生长植株的根系生物量与磷的去除有很强的相关性（r = 0.707），但与硝酸盐去除的相关性较弱（r = 0.557）。这些结果对于选择用于生物滞留系统的植物是有价值的。

关键词：氮磷植物性状生物保留系统雨水热带植物富营养污染物本土植物

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Standard model of knowledge representation

Wensheng YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第3期页码 275-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0372-3

摘要：

Knowledge representation is the core of artificial intelligence research. Knowledge representation methods include predicate logic, semantic network, computer programming language, database, mathematical model, graphics language, natural language, etc. To establish the intrinsic link between various knowledge representation methods, a unified knowledge representation model is necessary. According to ontology, system theory, and control theory, a standard model of knowledge representation that reflects the change of the objective world is proposed. The model is composed of input, processing, and output. This knowledge representation method is not a contradiction to the traditional knowledge representation method. It can express knowledge in terms of multivariate and multidimensional. It can also express process knowledge, and at the same time, it has a strong ability to solve problems. In addition, the standard model of knowledge representation provides a way to solve problems of non-precision and inconsistent knowledge.

关键词： knowledge representation standard model ontology system theory control theory multidimensional representation

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张正彦：融合知识的预训练语言模型（2020年4月3日）

2022年04月18日

关键词：工程管理

受限空间火灾模型研究进展

郑昕,袁宏永

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第3期页码 68-74

摘要：

火灾模型是从工程科学的角度出发，分析研究火灾的发生、发展，烟气蔓延以及火灾对周围环境诸如建筑设备、森林植被及大气环境等影响的数学模型。介绍了广泛应用于建筑物内部受限空间的场、区域、网模型以及经验模型的理论思想与数学方程，分析了4种模型在相应环境下应用的合理性，并对火灾模型的发展做出了展望。

关键词：受限空间场模型区域模型网模型场区网模型经验模型

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Elevated temperature creep model of parallel wire strands

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》页码 1060-1071 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0981-y

摘要： Parallel wire strands (PWSs), which are widely used in prestressed steel structures, are typically in high-stress states. Under fire conditions, significant creep effects occur, reducing the prestress and influencing the mechanical behavior of PWSs. As there is no existing approach to analyze their creep behavior, this study experimentally investigated the elevated temperature creep model of PWSs. A charge-coupled camera system was incorporated to accurately obtain the deformation of the specimen during the elevated temperature creep test. It was concluded that the temperature level had a more significant effect on the creep strain than the stress level, and 450 °C was the key segment point where the creep rate varied significantly. By comparing the elevated temperature creep test results for PWSs and steel strands, it was found that the creep strain of PWSs was lower than that of steel strands at the same temperature and stress levels. The parameters in the general empirical formula, the Bailey–Norton model, and the composite time-hardening model were fitted based on the experimental results. By evaluating the accuracy and form of the models, the composite time-hardening model, which can simultaneously consider temperature, stress, and time, is recommended for use in the fire-resistance design of pre-tensioned structures with PWSs.

关键词： parallel wire strands experimental study elevated temperature creep model

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Impact of crude distillation unit model accuracy on refinery production planning

Gang FU, Pedro A. Castillo CASTILLO, Vladimir MAHALEC

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 195-201 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017052

摘要： In this work, we examine the impact of crude distillation unit (CDU) model errors on the results of refinery-wide optimization for production planning or feedstock selection. We compare the swing cut+ bias CDU model with a recently developed hybrid CDU model (Fu et al., 2016). The hybrid CDU model computes material and energy balances, as well as product true boiling point (TBP) curves and bulk properties (e.g., sulfur % and cetane index, and other properties). Product TBP curves are predicted with an average error of 0.5% against rigorous simulation curves. Case studies of optimal operation computed using a planning model that is based on the swing cut+ bias CDU model and using a planning model that incorporates the hybrid CDU model are presented. Our results show that significant economic benefits can be obtained using accurate CDU models in refinery production planning.

关键词： impact of model accuracy on production planning swing cut+ bias CDU model hybrid CDU model refinery feedstock selection optimization optimization of refinery operation

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Test-driven verification/validation of model transformations

László LENGYEL,Hassan CHARAF

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第2期页码 85-97 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400111

摘要： Why is it important to verify/validate model transformations? The motivation is to improve the quality of the transformations, and therefore the quality of the generated software artifacts. Verified/validated model transformations make it possible to ensure certain properties of the generated software artifacts. In this way, verification/validation methods can guarantee different requirements stated by the actual domain against the generated/modified/optimized software products. For example, a verified/validated model transformation can ensure the preservation of certain properties during the model-to-model transformation. This paper emphasizes the necessity of methods that make model transformation verified/validated, discusses the different scenarios of model transformation verification and validation, and introduces the principles of a novel test-driven method for verifying/validating model transformations. We provide a solution that makes it possible to automatically generate test input models for model transformations. Furthermore, we collect and discuss the actual open issues in the field of verification/validation of model transformations.

关键词： Graph rewriting based model transformations Verification/validation Test-driven verification